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The database of waste incinerators in Europe
Šaldová, Lenka ; Ručka,, Jan (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe modern technological processing lines MSW incinerators. Describe individual objects and their links with the principle of thermal combustion. Processes described in the process line will be: waste reception, storage and waste materials, waste pretreatment, loading of waste into the process, thermal treatment of waste, energy utilization and conversion, gas cleaning, disposal of residues from flue gas cleaning, gas discharge, monitoring and control emissions , cleaning and inspection of wastewater treatment and disposal of ash (kiln ash), discharge (disposal) of solid residues. In the second part of this database will be set up incinerators occurring in Europe with basic information (address, website, kiln type, number of lines, the amount of waste incinerated, etc.). The developed database will be created graphs for better clarity and comparison. The database will be accompanied by the emission requirements of individual countries according to the applicable domestic and European legislation.
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Determination of emissions and harmful particles of exhaust gases of CNG, petrol and diesel vehicles
Rozsíval, Adam ; Libich, Jiří (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
The thesis deals with an analyses of emission and harmful particles of exhaust fumes of automobiles with an environmental impact. More precisely, it describes the basic characteristics of current fuel types and emission produced by internal combustion engines. Next, it deals with the measures and possibilities of decreasing car traffic emission with respect to environmental impact. It also describes the current European standards for emission and the systems of the cars that are able to decrease emission. The work also deals with the measuring of emission and the methods that are used. According to the measuring methods, the analysis of exhalation is done and it is based on the data of the real car fleet. Values of the emission analyses are compared. The financial aspect is a part of the analyses.
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Electrical, Optical and Sensoric Properties of Organic Semiconductors
Pochekailov, Sergii ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (referee) ; Nešpůrek, Stanislav (advisor)
There is big interest in cheap, sensitive and selective gas sensors. In this work, substituted soluble phthalocyanines are proposed as a sensing materials for several gases. Optical, electrical and gas sensing properties of several phthalocyanines were studied and the mechanisms of their interaction with several analyte gases are described. It was found, that sulfo-substituted Pcs has good sensitivity to humidity. Sulfonamide-substituted phthalocyanines are promising for nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds detection. tert-Butyl-substituted phthalocyanines are sensitive to NO2 under higher temperature and seems to be used for environmental monitoring. Commercial gas sensors for NO2, ethanol and humidity were successfully created.
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Analýza očekávaných změn množství vzdušných imisí nad územím České republiky v souvislosti s COVID-19
Kotrle, Viktor
This work analyses changes in annual and monthly concentrations for 2019 and 2020 in the Czech Republic. The focus is mainly on the search for changes related to government regulations during the Covid-19 epidemic and thus the overall change in human activity. The analysis is designed in two parts, namely a statistical analysis part and a spatial analysis part over the immission model. Measurements from the stationary stations of the CHMI were used as input data.
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Air quality monitoring in areas with high traffic load
Ličbinský, Roman ; Huzlík, Jiří ; Hegrová, Jitka
Emissions of pollutants are one of the most serious problems of transportation, particularly as a result of a significant risk to human health. The causes of emissions of pollutants to ambient air are the exhaust gases generated by the combustion of fuel in motor vehicles. They are complex mixtures containing hundreds of chemical substances at different concentrations contributing to long-term warming of the atmosphere, the so-called "greenhouse effect" or often with toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties for humans. The presented methodology was developed within project TE01020168 - Center for effective and sustainable transport infrastructure (CESTI) with the financial support of the Technological Agency of the Czech Republic within the Competence Centres Programme. Its aim is to unify the procedures for the implementation and evaluation of air quality monitoring in order to provide objective information on the actual status and development of air quality in areas with intensive transport. It summarizes the legislatively defined requirements for air quality monitoring and at the same time defines the pollutants whose very important source is transport and which should be monitored when assessing the impact of transport on air quality: nitrogen dioxide, (nano)particles, benzene, or platinum group elements and benzo[a]pyrene. The methodology can be used by the Ministry of Transport, road owners or their managers (ŘSD, regions and municipalities) as an effective tool for controlling both long-term monitoring and indicative measurements of air quality in the vicinity of roadways. At the same time, it will find application to metering processors and organizations providing their own air quality measurement to provide a standardized procedure to ensure a precise air quality assessment based on real data. The methodology will also help to deepen the knowledge of the staff of all the mentioned institutions and provide a standardized procedure for which, for example, contracting authorities may refer to public procurement.
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Determination of emissions and harmful particles of exhaust gases of CNG, petrol and diesel vehicles
Rozsíval, Adam ; Libich, Jiří (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
The thesis deals with an analyses of emission and harmful particles of exhaust fumes of automobiles with an environmental impact. More precisely, it describes the basic characteristics of current fuel types and emission produced by internal combustion engines. Next, it deals with the measures and possibilities of decreasing car traffic emission with respect to environmental impact. It also describes the current European standards for emission and the systems of the cars that are able to decrease emission. The work also deals with the measuring of emission and the methods that are used. According to the measuring methods, the analysis of exhalation is done and it is based on the data of the real car fleet. Values of the emission analyses are compared. The financial aspect is a part of the analyses.
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Amperometric Solid-State NO2 Sensor with Ionic Liquid-Polymer Electrolyte
Nádherná, M. ; Opekar, F. ; Reiter, Jakub
A new ionic liquid-polymer electrolyte was successfully tested in the planar amperometric solid-state sensor sensitive towards nitrogen dioxide. The electrolyte consists of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) in the ratio 57:43 mol. %. The analyte, gaseous nitrogen dioxide in air, was determined using the electrochemical reduction at900 mV vs. Pt/air on gold minigrid indicating electrode with Pt/air as a reference electrode. Dependency of sensor sensitivity on the indicating electrode area and relative humidity was determined. The sensor response is linear in the NO2 concentration range 0.3 1.1 ppm and is reproducible and long-term stable.
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Applications of ionic liquids in electrolytes for amperometric gas sensors and Li-ion batteries.
Nádherná, Martina ; Opekar, František (advisor) ; Samec, Zdeněk (referee) ; Zima, Jiří (referee)
Mgr. Martina Nádherná PhD. Thesis Applications of ionic liquids in electrolytes for amperometric gas sensors and Li-ion batteries SUMMARY The dissertation presents the results of preparation and characterisation of new aprotic electrolytes based on ionic liquids for the solid-state electrochemical gas sensors and for the electrochemical energy storage devices - secondary lithium-ion batteries. In the part dealing with the solid-state amperometric sensor for NO2 research was aimed at development of new solid electrolyte. This electrolyte is developed as a system of ionic liquid embedded in the structure of a polymer, when the ionic liquid joints the properties of a solvent and a dissolved salt. The electrolyte therefore does not contain any volatile component and is long-term chemically and electrochemically stable. Several series of electrolytes were prepared with different polymers or macromonomers and imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The composition, especially the polymer-IL ratio was optimized. The electrolytes were successfully tested in a solid-state NO2 sensor with a gold minigrid serving as the indicating electrode. The research included the determination of basic electrochemical parameters and study of the sensor behaviour under different conditions. The influence of atmosphere humidity,...
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Electrical, Optical and Sensoric Properties of Organic Semiconductors
Pochekailov, Sergii ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (referee) ; Nešpůrek, Stanislav (advisor)
There is big interest in cheap, sensitive and selective gas sensors. In this work, substituted soluble phthalocyanines are proposed as a sensing materials for several gases. Optical, electrical and gas sensing properties of several phthalocyanines were studied and the mechanisms of their interaction with several analyte gases are described. It was found, that sulfo-substituted Pcs has good sensitivity to humidity. Sulfonamide-substituted phthalocyanines are promising for nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds detection. tert-Butyl-substituted phthalocyanines are sensitive to NO2 under higher temperature and seems to be used for environmental monitoring. Commercial gas sensors for NO2, ethanol and humidity were successfully created.
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The database of waste incinerators in Europe
Šaldová, Lenka ; Ručka,, Jan (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe modern technological processing lines MSW incinerators. Describe individual objects and their links with the principle of thermal combustion. Processes described in the process line will be: waste reception, storage and waste materials, waste pretreatment, loading of waste into the process, thermal treatment of waste, energy utilization and conversion, gas cleaning, disposal of residues from flue gas cleaning, gas discharge, monitoring and control emissions , cleaning and inspection of wastewater treatment and disposal of ash (kiln ash), discharge (disposal) of solid residues. In the second part of this database will be set up incinerators occurring in Europe with basic information (address, website, kiln type, number of lines, the amount of waste incinerated, etc.). The developed database will be created graphs for better clarity and comparison. The database will be accompanied by the emission requirements of individual countries according to the applicable domestic and European legislation.
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